On the escape rate of geodesic loops in an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature

A consequence of the Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem states that for any open manifold $(M,x)$ of nonnegative Ricci curvature, if all the minimal geodesic loops at $x$ that represent elements of $\pi_1(M,x)$ are contained in a bounded ball, then $\pi_1(M,x)$ is virtually abelian. We generalize the above result: if these minimal representing geodesic loops of $\pi_1(M,x)$ escape from any bounded metric balls at a sublinear rate with respect to their lengths, then $\pi_1(M,x)$ is virtually abelian.

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